The Los Angeles protests Saturday and Sunday that saw several vehicles, including five autonomous Waymo cars, set ablaze have raised renewed concerns among health experts about the specific physical dangers posed by the smoke emanating from burning electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion batteries.
In the aftermath of the unrest, images and videos depicting intense vehicle fires, including those involving electric vehicles (EVs), have been shared on both traditional and social media. While the immediate danger of the flames is evident, public health officials are emphasizing the often-overlooked risks associated with inhaling the toxic fumes produced when lithium-ion batteries in EVs undergo thermal runaway and ignite.
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Unlike traditional gasoline car fires, EV battery fires release a unique cocktail of hazardous substances that can have significant and immediate impacts on human health.
The sheer number of Waymo vehicles, coupled with any other EVs potentially involved in the Los Angeles incidents, underscores the potential for widespread exposure to these harmful fumes in concentrated areas.
Experts highlight several key differences that make EV battery fire smoke particularly concerning:
Hydrogen Fluoride Threat: One of the most significant dangers is the release of hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas. This highly corrosive and toxic substance can cause severe irritation and burns to the respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. Inhaling even small amounts can lead to pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) and potentially life-threatening respiratory distress.
Toxic Metal Particulates: EV batteries contain various heavy metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium itself. When these batteries burn, they release fine particulate matter containing these metals, which can be inhaled deep into the lungs. Long-term exposure to these particles can contribute to respiratory problems, cardiovascular issues, and potentially damage other organs.
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Increased Smoke Volume and Duration: EV battery fires can often burn hotter and for longer durations than gasoline car fires, leading to a greater volume of toxic smoke being released into the environment. This prolonged exposure increases the risk of health complications for individuals in the vicinity.
Complex Chemical Mixture: The smoke from burning lithium-ion batteries is a complex mixture of gases, aerosols, and particulate matter, making it difficult to predict the exact composition and the full spectrum of potential health effects.
Individuals exposed to the smoke from burning EV batteries during the Los Angeles protests could experience a range of immediate and long-term health issues:
Immediate Effects: These can include coughing, choking, shortness of breath, wheezing, sore throat, burning eyes, skin irritation, headaches, nausea, and dizziness. High concentrations of hydrogen fluoride can cause severe respiratory damage requiring immediate medical attention.
Potential Long-Term Effects: Depending on the level and duration of exposure, individuals may face an increased risk of developing chronic respiratory conditions like asthma and bronchitis. The inhalation of heavy metal particulates could also lead to long-term organ damage and potentially increase the risk of certain cancers.
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The events in Los Angeles serve as a reminder of the dangers faced by first responders who are called to extinguish EV fires. Firefighters require specialized training and equipment to protect themselves from the toxic fumes.
Furthermore, the public in the vicinity of such incidents needs to be aware of the risks and take precautions to avoid inhaling the smoke. This includes evacuating the area immediately and seeking medical attention if any symptoms develop.
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